Hi,ENGINEERZ

Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, material and process. It also deals with designing new prototypes to help save money and make the prototype better. Industrial engineering draws upon the principles and methods of engineering analysis and synthesis, as well as mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. In lean manufacturing systems, industrial engineers work to eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources.

Industrial engineering is also known as operations management, management science, systems engineering, or manufacturing engineering, usually depending on the viewpoint or motives of the user. Recruiters or educational establishments use the names to differentiate themselves from others. In healthcare, for example, industrial engineers are more commonly known as management engineers or health systems engineers. Often abbreviated as "IE," industrial engineering is sometimes jokingly or skeptically called "imaginary engineering" in comparison to other branches of engineering which more commonly produce tangible products.

The term "industrial" in industrial engineering can be misleading. While the term originally applied to manufacturing, it has grown to encompass virtually all other industries and services as well. The various topics of concern to industrial engineers include management science, financial engineering, engineering management, supply chain management, process engineering, operations research, systems engineering, ergonomics, value engineering and quality engineering.

Examples of where industrial engineering might be used include designing a new loan system for a bank, streamlining operation and emergency rooms in a hospital, distributing products worldwide (referred to as Supply Chain Management), and shortening lines (or queues) at a bank, hospital, or a theme park. Industrial engineers typically use computer simulation, especially discrete event simulation, for system analysis and evaluation.

Examples of famous Industrial Engineers include Susan Story, CEO of Gulf Power and Mohammad Barghash, a Jordanian Industrial Engineer well known in the United Arab Emirates and Australia for his revolutionary business ideas and skills in Activity Based Costing

Chemical engineering is applied in the manufacture of a wide variety of products. The chemical industry proper manufactures inorganic and organic industrial chemicals, ceramics, fuels and petrochemicals, agrochemicals (fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides), plastics and elastomers, oleochemicals, explosives, detergents and detergent products (soap, shampoo, cleaning fluids), fragrances and flavors, additives, dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals. Closely allied or overlapping disciplines include wood processing, food processing, environmental technology, and the engineering of petroleum, glass, paints and other coatings, inks, sealants and adhesives.

Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g. biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition to producing useful materials, modern chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques - such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and biomedical engineering.[1] Chemical engineering largely involves the design, improvement and maintenance of processes involving chemical or biological transformations for large-scale manufacture. Chemical engineers ensure the processes are operated safely, sustainably and economically. Chemical engineers in this branch are usually employed under the title of process engineer. A related term with a wider definition is chemical technology. A person employed in this field is called a chemical engineer.

It is known that, the objectives of the engineering education
are to train students being able to handle engineering
problems in the analysis, design and fabrication of a real
thing. Accordingly, the objectives of the aerospace
engineering are to teach students familiar with aerospace
systems in analysis, design and manufacture of flight
vehicles. In order to keep in pace with the fast changing
world, the engineering education needs frequent reviewed,
and urges schools to make necessary improvement or reform
on the educational programs. In the past four decades, there
ever had three education reforms due to the striking of
satellite Sputnik to start the space competition since 1957,
the impact of energy crisis in 1970‘s, and the great
achievements of computer and space communication
technology in 1980’s. Due to the technology progress of
this shrinking world, it is clear that, the space-utilization
industry and the information technology will be the major
enterprises in the 21st Century. In other words, the matter
that aerospace industry is one of the major industries in the
near future, should awake engineering professors to reevaluate
the existing education programs they give to the
students.
Aerospace engineering is characterized in its high
technology, which is resulting in the requisites to produce
most safe, fast, robotic and comfort systems, and which
systems can also operate successfully in very critical
conditions and in severe environments. Therefore, known
by its high-technology senses, aerospace industry is taken as
the driving force to push and to upgrade other branches of
industry. The world is one, and its resources are so limited
and distributed all over the Earth. Each Country possesses
only some specific resources that other Countries does not
have. Peoples in the world should cooperate and help one
another to improve their living. Therefore, the sharing of
resources and the transferring of technologies among
Countries under mutual interests are the working model for
the world toward bright future. International cooperation and
partnership are the best way to help the developing
Countries to become developed. Well developed hightechnology
companies should provide the research and
education activities and interact with university and
industry. The cooperation among government-industryuniversity
should be linked tightly together to promote the
technology level and students‘ abilities. It is noted that,
well engineering education and a high-technology society are
closely related, and an intensive interaction between
education and technology would come up to a wealthy
society and a peaceful world.
Due to the fast developing and highly competing
aerospace technologies, aerospace industry nowadays is
urged to produce an advanced vehicle with low life-cyclecost,
implemented with new technology, to meet high
environment standard, and, of course, to operate the vehicle
in automation, robotics and safety. As summarized by Prof.
K. Y. Lin of the University of Washington at Seattle, there
are four critical technologies for the present and near future
development in aerospace industry. These critical
technologies are: the information technologies to manage an
autonomous and smart vehicle; the development of
composite materials and structure configuration to optimize
vehicle performance; the technologies associated with the
systems issues of life-cycle-cost, operation, and maintenance,
are a driving force in the design of new aerospace systems;
the technologies relating to environmental factors, such as
the control of pollution and reduction of noise, will play an
important role in future aerospace vehicles and systems.
Definitely, though most of the key technologies would be
solved eventually, and the aerospace field will continue to
flourish, but still there are some major and important
changes occurring. Thus, today’s and tomorrow’s aerospace
engineers must be well prepared to adapt to the field as it
changes.

A proposal for current trends in Aerospace
Engineering Education on Taiwan has been drawn from the
suggestions made after a national conference of “Workshop
on Aerospace Engineering Education Reform.” This
workshop was held in January 18-20, 1998, at the Institute
of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung
University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.. The purposes of
holding this workshop is to review the current aerospace
engineering education, both at unders and graduate
programs, and then, try to make suggestions on course
planning, courseware materials and modern topics, so that
the aerospace graduates are able to work in the hightechnology,
challenging real world.
At the closure of this workshop conference, some
suggestions are proposed in details on the current trends of
four aerospace engineering education programs on Taiwan,
both for unders as well as graduate studies. In general,
under- graduate courses are stressed on fundamentals and
physical appreciation, whereas the graduate education is
structured to contribute to the advancement of technology.
International cooperation and technology transfer under
mutual interests are recognized as the best way to achieve
high technologies. It is expected that, the suggestions on
current trends of aerospace engineering education on
Taiwan would work as a good reference to other Countries
if they also choose aerospace technology as one of the
major industry in the challenging 21st Century.

Some of the elements of aerospace engineering are:

Wernher von Braun, with the F-1 engines of the Saturn V first stage at the US Space and Rocket CenterFluid mechanics - the study of fluid flow around objects. Specifically aerodynamics concerning the flow of air over bodies such as wings or through objects such as wind tunnels.
Astrodynamics - the study of orbital mechanics including prediction of orbital elements when given a select few variables. While few schools in the United States teach this at the undergraduate level, several have graduate programs covering this topic (usually in conjunction with the Physics department of said college or university).
Statics and Dynamics (engineering mechanics) - the study of movement, forces, moments in mechanical systems.
Mathematics - in particular, calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra.
Electrotechnology - the study of electronics within engineering.
Propulsion - the energy to move a vehicle through the air (or in outer space) is provided by internal combustion engines, jet engines and turbomachinery, or rockets. A more recent addition to this module is electric propulsion and ion propulsion.
Control engineering - the study of mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of systems and designing them, usually using feedback signals, so that their dynamic behavior is desirable (stable, without large excursions, with minimum error). This applies to the dynamic behavior of aircraft, spacecraft, propulsion systems, and subsystems that exist on aerospace vehicles.
Aircraft structures - design of the physical configuration of the craft to withstand the forces encountered during flight. Aerospace engineering aims to keep structures lightweight.
Materials science - related to structures, aerospace engineering also studies the materials of which the aerospace structures are to be built. New materials with very specific properties are invented, or existing ones are modified to improve their performance.
Solid mechanics - Closely related to material science is solid mechanics which deals with stress and strain analysis of the components of the vehicle. Nowadays there are several Finite Element programs such as MSC Patran/Nastran which aid engineers in the analytical process.
Aeroelasticity - the interaction of aerodynamic forces and structural flexibility, potentially causing flutter, divergence, etc.
Avionics - the design and programming of computer systems on board an aircraft or spacecraft and the simulation of systems.
Risk and reliability - the study of risk and reliability assessment techniques and the mathematics involved in the quantitative methods.
Noise control - the study of the mechanics of sound transfer.
Flight test - designing and executing flight test programs in order to gather and analyze performance and handling qualities data in order to determine if an aircraft meets its design and performance goals and certification requirements.
The basis of most of these elements lies in theoretical mathematics, such as fluid dynamics for aerodynamics or the equations of motion for flight dynamics. However, there is also a large empirical component. Historically, this empirical component was derived from testing of scale models and prototypes, either in wind tunnels or in the free atmosphere. More recently, advances in computing have enabled the use of computational fluid dynamics to simulate the behavior of fluid, reducing time and expense spent on wind-tunnel testing.

Additionally, aerospace engineering addresses the integration of all components that constitute an aerospace vehicle (subsystems including power, aerospace bearings, communications, thermal control, life support, etc.) and its life cycle (design, temperature, pressure, radiation, velocity, life time).

Some of the elements of aerospace engineering are:

Wernher von Braun, with the F-1 engines of the Saturn V first stage at the US Space and Rocket CenterFluid mechanics - the study of fluid flow around objects. Specifically aerodynamics concerning the flow of air over bodies such as wings or through objects such as wind tunnels.
Astrodynamics - the study of orbital mechanics including prediction of orbital elements when given a select few variables. While few schools in the United States teach this at the undergraduate level, several have graduate programs covering this topic (usually in conjunction with the Physics department of said college or university).
Statics and Dynamics (engineering mechanics) - the study of movement, forces, moments in mechanical systems.
Mathematics - in particular, calculus, differential equations, and linear algebra.
Electrotechnology - the study of electronics within engineering.
Propulsion - the energy to move a vehicle through the air (or in outer space) is provided by internal combustion engines, jet engines and turbomachinery, or rockets. A more recent addition to this module is electric propulsion and ion propulsion.
Control engineering - the study of mathematical modeling of the dynamic behavior of systems and designing them, usually using feedback signals, so that their dynamic behavior is desirable (stable, without large excursions, with minimum error). This applies to the dynamic behavior of aircraft, spacecraft, propulsion systems, and subsystems that exist on aerospace vehicles.
Aircraft structures - design of the physical configuration of the craft to withstand the forces encountered during flight. Aerospace engineering aims to keep structures lightweight.
Materials science - related to structures, aerospace engineering also studies the materials of which the aerospace structures are to be built. New materials with very specific properties are invented, or existing ones are modified to improve their performance.
Solid mechanics - Closely related to material science is solid mechanics which deals with stress and strain analysis of the components of the vehicle. Nowadays there are several Finite Element programs such as MSC Patran/Nastran which aid engineers in the analytical process.
Aeroelasticity - the interaction of aerodynamic forces and structural flexibility, potentially causing flutter, divergence, etc.
Avionics - the design and programming of computer systems on board an aircraft or spacecraft and the simulation of systems.
Risk and reliability - the study of risk and reliability assessment techniques and the mathematics involved in the quantitative methods.
Noise control - the study of the mechanics of sound transfer.
Flight test - designing and executing flight test programs in order to gather and analyze performance and handling qualities data in order to determine if an aircraft meets its design and performance goals and certification requirements.
The basis of most of these elements lies in theoretical mathematics, such as fluid dynamics for aerodynamics or the equations of motion for flight dynamics. However, there is also a large empirical component. Historically, this empirical component was derived from testing of scale models and prototypes, either in wind tunnels or in the free atmosphere. More recently, advances in computing have enabled the use of computational fluid dynamics to simulate the behavior of fluid, reducing time and expense spent on wind-tunnel testing.

Additionally, aerospace engineering addresses the integration of all components that constitute an aerospace vehicle (subsystems including power, aerospace bearings, communications, thermal control, life support, etc.) and its life cycle (design, temperature, pressure, radiation, velocity, life time).